محمدتقی زائری

This research was carried out with the aim of "designing and validating the learning package model based on the blended approach of students with visual impairment in the first period of elementary school in experimental sciences". In this research, a combined exploratory method to obtain the components of the patterns, an inductive content analysis method, and a descriptive survey method was used for the internal validation of the patterns. The statistical population for designing the model included all articles, books, theses and treatises from ۲۰۱۰ to ۲۰۲۲ and interviews with specialists and experts. The qualitative statistical sample consisted of a total of ۱۱۷ documents that were selected purposefully and also ۱۷ semi-structured interviews were conducted. The statistical population for the internal validation of the model included ۴۲ experts. The data collection tools included documents, interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire with ۱۶ questions (۱۵ open-ended and ۱ open-ended). The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was ۰.۹۶۴ with Cronbach's alpha. According to inductive content analysis and coding of documents and interviews using MaxQda software, ۱۰ main components and ۵۰ secondary components were obtained. After content analysis and coding, the resulting components were first designed and developed in the form of a conceptual model, and then a process model. Validation findings showed that the models have high internal validity. In the quantitative part and for external validation, a quasi-experimental design with pre-test-post-test and with two experimental and control groups was used. The statistical population for this validation included all students with visual impairment in the first period of elementary school. For this purpose, ۱۹ students of the third grade of elementary school in the academic year ۲۰۲۳-۲۰۲۴ were selected as a statistical sample in a purposeful and accessible manner and randomly placed in two groups. In the implementation of the research, a researcher-made test was used, at the level of descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation, and covariance analysis was used in inferential statistics. The results showed that after removing the pre-test (adjusted mean), there is a significant difference between the average learning scores in the post-test phase (P<۰.۰۰۱) and the research hypotheses were confirmed. According to the research results, it can be said that this "learning package model" is effective for visually impaired students.