مهدیه عزیزی بندرابادی

Abstract:

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common neuropsychological disorders in childhood, which can have different significance in adults. The purpose of the current research was to develop and validate a psycho-cognitive training package based on time perception and to investigate its effectiveness on time perception, time management and procrastination of students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. This research is considered as an applied research in terms of its purpose and in the category of combined exploratory research in terms of its method, which has a quantitative and qualitative (mixed) nature. The purpose of this research is to firstly, in the qualitative part, using the identification of the main content of the psychological-cognitive training program based on time perception. Then, in the quantitative part, a semi-experimental method and a pre-test, post-test design with a control group were used. Statistical population of this research consisted of all students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder who referred to the counseling center of the University of Elmohonar, of which ۴۰ qualified volunteers were included in the study through available sampling. And they were randomly placed in two experimental and control groups. Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Questionnaire (Barclay, ۲۰۱۱) was used to diagnose people with this disorder and to measure procrastination, time management and time perception from the Procrastination Questionnaire (Lee, ۱۹۸۶), software Time perception (Ekhtiai, ۲۰۱۶) and time management (Queen, ۲۰۰۳) were used in the pre-test and post-test. The experimental group underwent intervention for ۱۵ sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed at descriptive level (mean and standard deviation) and inferential level (Levin, Shapiro-Wilk, analysis of covariance) at ۰.۰۵ level and using   ۲۱ software. The results of covariance analysis showed that after removing the effect of the pre-test, there was a significant difference between the post-test scores of procrastination, time management, and understanding of time in the two experimental and control groups (p<۰.۰۰۱). Using the findings of this research and the effectiveness of the psycho-cognitive educational package on understanding time, time management and procrastination of students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, the use of this package is recommended to experts in this field.

Key word: psycho- cognitive training, time perception, procrastination. Time managment. Attention deficit hyper activity disorder